See circumtorqueo on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "circum-",
"3": "torqueō",
"gloss2": "twist"
},
"expansion": "circum- + torqueō (“twist”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From circum- + torqueō (“twist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circumtorqueō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "supine stems",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēre",
"circumtorquere"
]
],
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-2 perfect",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueō",
"circumtorqueo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēs",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēs",
"circumtorques#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēmus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēmus",
"circumtorquemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētis",
"circumtorquetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbam",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbam",
"circumtorquebam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbās",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbās",
"circumtorquebas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbat",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbat",
"circumtorquebat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāmus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāmus",
"circumtorquebamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbātis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbātis",
"circumtorquebatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbant",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbant",
"circumtorquebant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbō",
"circumtorquebo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbis",
"circumtorquebis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbit",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbit",
"circumtorquebit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbimus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbimus",
"circumtorquebimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbitis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbitis",
"circumtorquebitis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbunt",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbunt",
"circumtorquebunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēris",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēris",
"circumtorqueris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēre",
"circumtorquere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētur",
"circumtorquetur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēmur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēmur",
"circumtorquemur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēminī",
"circumtorquemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbar",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbar",
"circumtorquebar#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāris",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāris",
"circumtorquebaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāre",
"circumtorquebare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbātur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbātur",
"circumtorquebatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāmur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāmur",
"circumtorquebamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāminī",
"circumtorquebamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbantur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbantur",
"circumtorquebantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbor",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbor",
"circumtorquebor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēberis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēberis",
"circumtorqueberis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbere",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbere",
"circumtorquebere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbitur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbitur",
"circumtorquebitur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbimur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbimur",
"circumtorquebimur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbiminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbiminī",
"circumtorquebimini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbuntur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbuntur",
"circumtorquebuntur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueās",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueās",
"circumtorqueas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāmus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāmus",
"circumtorqueamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueātis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueātis",
"circumtorqueatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērem",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērem",
"circumtorquerem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēs",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēs",
"circumtorqueres#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēret",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēret",
"circumtorqueret#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēmus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēmus",
"circumtorqueremus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērētis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērētis",
"circumtorqueretis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērent",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērent",
"circumtorquerent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāris",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāris",
"circumtorquearis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāre",
"circumtorqueare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueātur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueātur",
"circumtorqueatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāmur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāmur",
"circumtorqueamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāminī",
"circumtorqueamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērer",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērer",
"circumtorquerer#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēris",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēris",
"circumtorquereris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēre",
"circumtorquerere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērētur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērētur",
"circumtorqueretur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēmur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēmur",
"circumtorqueremur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēminī",
"circumtorqueremini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērentur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērentur",
"circumtorquerentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquē",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquē",
"circumtorque#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēte",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēte",
"circumtorquete#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētō",
"circumtorqueto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētō",
"circumtorqueto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētōte",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētōte",
"circumtorquetote#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquentō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquentō",
"circumtorquento#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēre",
"circumtorquere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēminī",
"circumtorquemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētor",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētor",
"circumtorquetor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētor",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētor",
"circumtorquetor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquentor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēre",
"circumtorquere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērī",
"circumtorqueri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēns",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēns",
"circumtorquens#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquendī",
"circumtorquendi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquendō",
"circumtorquendo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquendō",
"circumtorquendo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "circumtorqueō"
},
"expansion": "circumtorqueō (present infinitive circumtorquēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stems",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "circumtorqueō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin second conjugation verbs with missing perfect stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin second conjugation verbs with missing supine stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms prefixed with circum-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin verbs with missing perfect stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin verbs with missing supine stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to twist or turn around"
],
"id": "en-circumtorqueo-la-verb-7sB~SAp7",
"links": [
[
"twist",
"twist"
],
[
"turn",
"turn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to twist or turn around"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "attorqueō"
},
{
"word": "dētorqueō"
},
{
"word": "distorqueō"
},
{
"word": "extorqueō"
},
{
"word": "intorqueō"
},
{
"word": "obtorqueō"
},
{
"word": "pertorqueō"
},
{
"word": "praetorqueō"
},
{
"word": "retorqueō"
},
{
"word": "torqueō"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-2",
"no-perfect",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɪr.kʊnˈtɔr.kʷe.oː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃir.kunˈtɔr.kʷe.o]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "circumtorqueo"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "circum-",
"3": "torqueō",
"gloss2": "twist"
},
"expansion": "circum- + torqueō (“twist”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From circum- + torqueō (“twist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circumtorqueō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "supine stems",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēre",
"circumtorquere"
]
],
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-2 perfect",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueō",
"circumtorqueo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēs",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēs",
"circumtorques#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēmus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēmus",
"circumtorquemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētis",
"circumtorquetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbam",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbam",
"circumtorquebam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbās",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbās",
"circumtorquebas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbat",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbat",
"circumtorquebat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāmus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāmus",
"circumtorquebamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbātis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbātis",
"circumtorquebatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbant",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbant",
"circumtorquebant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbō",
"circumtorquebo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbis",
"circumtorquebis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbit",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbit",
"circumtorquebit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbimus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbimus",
"circumtorquebimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbitis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbitis",
"circumtorquebitis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbunt",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbunt",
"circumtorquebunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēris",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēris",
"circumtorqueris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēre",
"circumtorquere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētur",
"circumtorquetur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēmur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēmur",
"circumtorquemur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēminī",
"circumtorquemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbar",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbar",
"circumtorquebar#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāris",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāris",
"circumtorquebaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāre",
"circumtorquebare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbātur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbātur",
"circumtorquebatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāmur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāmur",
"circumtorquebamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbāminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbāminī",
"circumtorquebamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbantur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbantur",
"circumtorquebantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbor",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbor",
"circumtorquebor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēberis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēberis",
"circumtorqueberis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbere",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbere",
"circumtorquebere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbitur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbitur",
"circumtorquebitur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbimur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbimur",
"circumtorquebimur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbiminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbiminī",
"circumtorquebimini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēbuntur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēbuntur",
"circumtorquebuntur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueās",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueās",
"circumtorqueas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāmus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāmus",
"circumtorqueamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueātis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueātis",
"circumtorqueatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērem",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērem",
"circumtorquerem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēs",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēs",
"circumtorqueres#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēret",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēret",
"circumtorqueret#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēmus",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēmus",
"circumtorqueremus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērētis",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērētis",
"circumtorqueretis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērent",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērent",
"circumtorquerent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāris",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāris",
"circumtorquearis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāre",
"circumtorqueare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueātur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueātur",
"circumtorqueatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāmur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāmur",
"circumtorqueamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueāminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorqueāminī",
"circumtorqueamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorqueantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērer",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērer",
"circumtorquerer#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēris",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēris",
"circumtorquereris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēre",
"circumtorquerere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērētur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērētur",
"circumtorqueretur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēmur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēmur",
"circumtorqueremur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērēminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērēminī",
"circumtorqueremini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērentur",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērentur",
"circumtorquerentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquē",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquē",
"circumtorque#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēte",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēte",
"circumtorquete#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētō",
"circumtorqueto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētō",
"circumtorqueto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētōte",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētōte",
"circumtorquetote#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquentō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquentō",
"circumtorquento#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēre",
"circumtorquere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēminī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēminī",
"circumtorquemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētor",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētor",
"circumtorquetor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquētor",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquētor",
"circumtorquetor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquentor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēre",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēre",
"circumtorquere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquērī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquērī",
"circumtorqueri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquēns",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquēns",
"circumtorquens#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendī",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquendī",
"circumtorquendi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquendō",
"circumtorquendo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "circumtorquendō",
"links": [
[
"circumtorquendō",
"circumtorquendo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "circumtorqueō"
},
"expansion": "circumtorqueō (present infinitive circumtorquēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stems",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "circumtorqueō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "attorqueō"
},
{
"word": "dētorqueō"
},
{
"word": "distorqueō"
},
{
"word": "extorqueō"
},
{
"word": "intorqueō"
},
{
"word": "obtorqueō"
},
{
"word": "pertorqueō"
},
{
"word": "praetorqueō"
},
{
"word": "retorqueō"
},
{
"word": "torqueō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 5-syllable words",
"Latin defective verbs",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin second conjugation verbs",
"Latin second conjugation verbs with missing perfect stem",
"Latin second conjugation verbs with missing supine stem",
"Latin terms prefixed with circum-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin transitive verbs",
"Latin verbs",
"Latin verbs with missing perfect stem",
"Latin verbs with missing supine stem",
"Latin verbs with red links in their inflection tables",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to twist or turn around"
],
"links": [
[
"twist",
"twist"
],
[
"turn",
"turn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to twist or turn around"
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-2",
"no-perfect",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɪr.kʊnˈtɔr.kʷe.oː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃir.kunˈtɔr.kʷe.o]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "circumtorqueo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for circumtorqueo meaning in All languages combined (18.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (4d423fd and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.